Rights after reporting
您的权利

20 minutes to read

When you report a crime

The police must provide the person who has reported the crime and/or the victim with:

• Written confirmation of the crime reported
• A crime reference number
• Contact details for the police officer dealing with the case

They must also provide the following information:

• What will happen next
• How often they’ll provide an update on their investigation

They must also:

• Take a witness statement
• Carry out a needs assessment to find out what support the victim should get
• Ask a victim support organisation to contact the victim within 2 days
• Ask if the victim wants to write a statement about how the crime has affected him/her. This is called a ‘victim personal statement’. It can be used later when the court is deciding on a punishment.

报案时

报案时，警方必须向受害者提供：

• 受理案件的书面确认函
• 案件编码
• 负责案件的警官的联络信息 (以上信息建议集中纪录，以便日后查询。)

警方同时需要提供以下信息：

• 下一步会发生什么
• 警方将何时向受害人通报一次案件进度

警方同时必须：

• 帮助受害人记录口供
• 对受害人进行需求评估以确认受害者需要得到的协助
• 通知一个受害人协助组织在2日内联络受害者
• 询问受害人是否想要提供受害人自述。 法庭在针对该案量刑时可能将受害人自述纳入考量

During the police investigation

The police must update the victim on the progress of their investigation, and tell the victim within 5 days when a suspect is:

• Arrested or charged
• Set free or released on bail
• Given a police penalty

When the police have finished their investigation, they can pass the information to the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) who then decide if there’s enough evidence to take the case to court.

If the police or the CPS decide to drop the charge, they must notify the victim within 5 days. You can ask for a review if you disagree with their decision.

侦办过程中

警方必须向受害人定期汇报案件侦办进度。警方必须在以下情况发生之后的5日内通知受害人：

• 嫌疑人被逮捕或指控
• 嫌疑人被释放或保释
• 嫌疑人被警方给予任何处罚

警方结束调查之后，如果认为调查结果达到起诉标准，会将所收集的信息和证据移送给检察部门（CPS）。检察部门会进一步判断判断证据是否达到起诉标准。

如果警方或检察部门决定放弃指控，则需要在5日内告知受害人这一结果。如果受害人不同意警方或检察部门的结论，可以要求重新评估此决定。

Protecting the victim

If the victim is harassed or threatened in any way during an investigation or a trial, you should contact the police immediately or advise them to do so.

What can the police do?​

• It is a criminal offence to intimidate anyone helping the police in an investigation.
• If the offender has been caught, remanded in custody, released on bail or convicted, the criminal court can make a restraining order to stop them coming near, threatening or intimidating the victim again.

保护受害人

如果受害人在案件侦办过程中或是法院审理期间以任何形式受到了骚扰或威胁，您应该立即报警（或是建议受害者立即报警）。

警察可以做什么？

• 对协助案件侦办的人进行恐吓是一项违法行为
• 如果违法者已被抓捕、拘留、释放、保释或定罪，那么刑事法庭可以针对此人下达限制令以限制此人不得靠近、威胁及恐吓受害人。

Secondary victimisation

Secondary victimisation refers to victimisation that occurs not as a direct result of the criminal act but through the response of institutions and individuals to the victim.¹

This can involve indifference, rejection, or additional criminal charges levied by the police against the victim （e.g. the police brings charges against the victim for causing physical harm to the perpetrator when engaging in self-defence）.

There is currently no explicit guidance in place to address potential issues of secondary victimisation when dealing with hate crimes or incidents.

If you suspect that you or any victim has been subject to secondary victimisation related to a hate crime or incident, please contact CASVIC (the Campaign against Secondary Victimisation) at casvic.org@gmail.com.

二度伤害

二度伤害指的是受害人在案件发生之后再度遭受的伤害。此处的伤害并不是由案件所直接导致的，而是指机构的不当回应或其他人对案件/受害人的反应对受害人进一步造成的伤害。¹

这种伤害的形式可能是精神上的也可能是身体上的。

二度伤害可包括：漠视、质疑、或是由警方对受害人所提出的刑事指控（比如受害人在自我防卫而对加害者造成了伤害、而警方对此类自我防卫行为提出刑事指控的情况）。

目前政府机构并没有提出应对处理仇恨犯罪/案件中可能产生的二度伤害的具体方案。

如果您认为您或是任何受害者可能遭受了任何有关仇恨犯罪的二度伤害，请通过邮箱联络 CASVIC（反二度伤害组织）： casvic.org@gmail.com

Self-defense

A victim can engage in self-defense by use of force, but only as a defence of crimes committed against the victim, and only by use of a reasonable amount of force given the circumstances.²

If self-defense has taken place in response to a hate crime, please make sure to explicitly flag this to the police when reporting the crime to avoid further secondary victimisation of the victim during the investigation process. Check that you have received a crime reference number (CRN) for hate crime from the police.

自我防卫

在很多情况下，受害人可能会被迫用武力进行自我防卫，以应对所遭受的犯罪行为。²

如果受害人在面对仇恨犯罪行为的情况下进行了自我防卫，请在举报的时候向警方说明情况，以避免警方对受害人提出刑事指控，造成二度伤害。请确认你从警方收到了您的案件查询编码 (Crime Reference Number)。

How to make a complaint

If you are unsatisfied with the process or the outcome of the police investigation into your case, you may raise a complaint with the police.

You should advise the victim to:

• Raise their complaint as soon as possible
• Raise their complaint directly with the police force dealing with their case

Victims may file a complaint with the police through the following methods:

如何投诉警方

如果受害人对案件侦办的过程或结果有任何不满，可以向该警队进行投诉。

您应当建议受害人：

• 尽早提出
• 直接向受理案件的警队进行投诉

受害人可以通过以下方式对警方进行投诉：

1. Go to the police station and speak to someone

• You can go to the police station that handled your case and ask to launch a police complaint.

1) 直接前往警察局投诉

• 您可前往处理您案件的警察局直接要求投诉。

2. Fill an online complaint form on the website of the police force.

• If the police force you are complaining about has an online complaint form, you can report it directly on their website.
• You can locate the website of the police force that handled your case via Police UK’s website.

2) 在想要投诉的警队官网上填写投诉表格

• 请前往处理您案件的警察局官网。大部分警察局官网会提供线上投诉表格。您可以在英国警察官网上查询各个地区警察局的官方网址。

3. Contact a solicitor

• You can contact a solicitor to launch the complaint on your behalf and deal with any subsequent matters.
• Check your local Citizens Advice Bureau or local community law centre for more information and to help find solicitors that specialise in crime or hate crime.

3) 联络一名律师

• 您可委托律师处理投诉以及后续事宜。
• 您可以通过当地的Citizens Advice Bureau 或社区法律中心获取更多相关信息以及帮助联络擅长处理仇恨犯罪或其他犯罪的律师。

4. Contact a Member of UK Parliament in your local area.

• You can find out who your MP is
  • on the UK Parliament website.
  • or call 020 7219 4272

4） 联络受害人所居地区的议员

• 您可以通过以下方式查询您居住地区的议员。
  • 在众议院的官网上进行查询。
  • 拨打电话询问：020 7219 4272

5. Fill in the Independent Office for Police Conduct’s (IOPC) online complaint form.

• The IOPC will not read the complaint form. They will send it straight to the police force your complaint is about.
• They will not send your complaint to the police if there are serious risks - for example, if you think you or someone else may be at risk if they do. If this is the case. Make the IOPC aware of the concern. You can:
  • Call IOPC: 0300 020 0096
  • Email IOPC: enquiries@policeconduct.gov.uk
• The number of days for the typical response will vary by geography, availability as well as the nature of the case.

5） 前往独立警察纪律监察办事处（IOPC）官网填写线上投诉表格。

• IOPC不会阅读收到的投诉表格，该表格会被直接发往你想投诉的警队。
• 如果发送表格会给投诉人带来危险 - 比如说，如果投诉人认为自己或其他人会因为提交投诉而受到伤害，IOPC将不会直接把表格发给相关警队。请直接联络IOPC并说明任何顾虑：
  • IOPC电话：0300 020 0096
  • IOPC邮箱地址：enquiries@policeconduct.gov.uk
• 警队的回复时间长短会取决于地区，警方资源和案件性质。

Who will deal with the complaint?

• The police force your complaint is about will deal with it, unless your complaint involves a chief constable. Then the Police and Crime Commissioner for that police force will deal with it.
• Each police force has a Police and Crime Commissioner. They are in charge of making sure that everyone in the police force does their job properly.
• If something very serious has happened the IOPC will usually need to look into it. For example, if someone has died after having contact with the police.

谁会负责处理投诉？

您所投诉的警队将会受理投诉，除非您的投诉涉及一位警察局长（Chief Constable)。此类情况下，您的投诉将会由负责该警局的警察与犯罪事务专员（Police and Crime Commissioner）处理。

每个警队都配有一名警察与犯罪事务专员。他们的职责是确保所有警队成员妥善完成工作。

当有严重的事件发生时，IOPC会介入调查。比如说，有人在接触警方之后身亡。

What are the rights you have after you file a police complaint?

• The people dealing with your complaint must tell you how it will be dealt with and what is going to happen next.

投诉人的权利

在完成投诉以后，受理人必须告诉您他们会如何处理您的投诉以及下一步会发生什么。

What happens after you make a complaint?

• Your complaint will be recorded by the people the complaint is about. The IOPC cannot record your complaint but you can appeal to the IOPC if your complaint is not recorded.

1. Council of Europe (CoE), Recommendation Rec(2006)8 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on assistance to crime victims(2006) ↩

2. CPS, ‘Self-Defence and the Prevention of Crime’ (last updated on 30 September 2019) ↩

投诉之后会发生什么

您投诉内容所涉的警队会对您的投诉进行纪录和处理。 注意IOPC无法纪录您的投诉。如果该警队没有纪录您的投诉，您可以向IOPC进行申诉。

1. Council of Europe (CoE), Recommendation Rec(2006)8 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on assistance to crime victims(2006) ↩

2. CPS, ‘Self-Defence and the Prevention of Crime’ (last updated on 30 September 2019) ↩

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