The police and community response to a hate crime or incident will vary depending on
- Whether the victim wishes to be contacted by the police, and
- Whether the crime or incident was reported anonymously
在舉報之後，受害人從警方和第三方平台處收到的回應取決於：
- 受害人是否願意被警方聯絡
- 案件是否是被匿名舉報的
1. Initial response
If the victim chooses to report the hate crime or incident non-anonymously, an officer should contact the victim and ask the victim how they would like to talk to the police about this crime.
This could involve:
- Visiting the victim at home or talking to the victim elsewhere;
- Arranging for the victim to come to a police station and talk about the hate crime or incident they have experienced, or
- Meeting the victim at a place that takes reports of hate crime.
1. 初步回應
如果受害者選擇實名報案，報案之後一名警官會聯絡受害人並且詢問受害人想要如何與警官進行談話.
選項包括：
- 警官可前往受害人的居所或是其他地方進行面談
- 請受害人前往警局講述事件發生的經過，或
- 在另一個接收報案的場所面見受害人
What happens when the victim speaks to the police?
- When the victim speaks to an officer, they should then ask them to explain what happened and then write down what the victim has told them. This is called taking a statement.
- After the interview, the victim should be asked to read the statement and check that it is correct. The police should then ask the victim to sign it. They should also give the victim the chance to make a separate Victim Personal Statement – this is the victim’s chance to say how the crime has affected them, and it should be taken into account during trial.
- The victim should then be advised about what will happen next.
受害人與警方交談期間警方會做什麼？
- 受害人向警方面見時，警方會請受害人講述事件發生經過並對受害人的陳述進行筆錄。這個過程叫做紀錄口供。
- 在面談結束以後，警方會請受害人閱讀錄下的口供並且確認其準確性。確認以後，警方會請受害人在口供上簽名。警方也應給予受害人給出一份受害人自述的機會。受害人可以通過受害人自述紀錄案件對受害人造成的影響（身心上、財政上等等）。如果案件進行審理，法庭會將受害人自述納入考量。
- 在上述流程結束後，警官會告知受害人警方下一步會採取的行動以及其他受害人需要知道的資訊。
Note:
- If the victim has reported the hate crime or incident anonymously, no further contact should be made by law enforcement on the investigation and on the outcome of any investigation.
- If required, the police can provide a translator or interpreter to provide assistance in Cantonese, Mandarin or other languages. Tell the police you need an interpreter, and tell them which language you need interpretation in.
- If the victim finds it difficult or upsetting to talk to the police, they can ask for a break at any point.
請注意：
- 如果受害人選擇匿名據報，警方將不會與受害人進行任何後續聯絡。
- 如果有需要，警方可能可以向受害者提供包括普通話、廣東話或其他語言的的翻譯服務，請在報案時提出相需求。
- 如果受害人在與警方將談期間身體或情緒上感受到任何的不適，受害人有權要求暫停訪談以便休息和/或平復心緒。
What can you do if the police won’t accept something as a hate incident?
If the police is notified of a hate incident, they are required to record it as such. It doesn’t matter if the police officer perceives it otherwise.
You don’t have to show evidence of prejudice or hostility to report a hate incident.
However, during investigation, the police officer dealing with the case must find evidence of prejudice or hostility to charge the suspect with a hate crime. This evidence should also be presented to the judge by the Crown Prosecution Service in court.
So while all instances of hate crime and hate incidents should be reported to the police, it should be noted that:
- Not all reports will lead to prosecution;
- Some prosecutions will lead to the suspect being charged with the crime but not with a hate element;
- Not all prosecutions will lead to the suspect being found guilty.
如果警方不認為被舉報的案件是仇恨犯罪怎麼辦？
當警方接到關於仇恨犯罪的報案時，他們必須依照報案人的敘述將案件紀錄為仇恨事件/犯罪，不論接受報案的警官自己受否同意這一說法。
報案人不需要給出任何能夠證明歧視或是仇恨的證據。
但是，在調查時，警方必須要找到證明歧視或仇恨的證據才能向嫌疑人作出仇恨犯罪的指控。檢察部門將會把警方收集到的證據上呈給法庭。
因此，雖然任何仇恨犯罪都應當被呈報給警方，但是需要注意的是：
- 不是所有案件都會被檢察部門起訴。
- 被起訴的嫌疑人也不一定會被定罪。
- 嫌疑人可能會被定罪，但是最終確定的罪名不一定會包含仇恨因素。
2. Processing info
After the police has gathered information from the victim, they should perform an initial triage and open a case through two steps:
2. 處理信息
警方向受害人收集完所需信息以後，他們會對案件進行分流並且正式立案，這一階段包含兩個步驟：
a) Determine whether the case is handled by the correct authority
- First, the authority that receives the report should make sure that they are the correct police force to investigate the crime you’ve reported. For example, if the hate crime or incident took place in a train station, this would be a matter for British Transport Police. In this case, the authority who received the initial report should send it to the correct police force to continue the investigation.
- Note: Filing a report with the correct authority could potentially speed up the process. If the incident happened on public transport, report directly to British Transport Police if possible. Click here to find out how to report to the British Transport police.
a) 確保案件是由正確的機構審理
- 首先，案件的受理機構會甄別他們是否是適合辦理受到的案件。 比方說，如果一個仇恨案件發生於火車站，那麼這個案件適用的偵辦機構就是英國交通警察。在這種情況下，受理機構就會將案件轉呈給正確的偵辦機構，並由他們來正式進行調查和後續跟進。
- 請注意：向正確的偵辦機構有助於縮短案件的偵辦流程。如果案件發生在公共交通上， 請直接向英國交通警察進行報案。具體報案方式請參考本手冊內關於如何舉報仇恨犯罪的章節。
b) Issue a crime reference number (CRN)
- Once the case has been referred to the appropriate police force, they should issue you a crime reference number (CRN). How quickly this is done depends on the complexity of the incident and number of other authorities involved.
- What is a CRN? This is a unique number assigned to the victim’s case, the victim can quote this number to request updates from the police.
- Please make sure that the crime has been recorded as a hate crime or incident. You can do this by asking the police officer in charge of your case.
b) 案件查詢編碼（Crime Reference Number）
- 案件被轉移給正確的偵辦機構之後，該機構會通知受害人該案件的案件查詢編碼 (Crime Reference Number)。這個過程的時長取決於案件的複雜程度和涉及機構的數量。
- 每個案件都會有一個獨一無二的案件查詢編碼。受害人在查詢案件進度時需要提供該編碼。
- 請務必確認您的案件被記錄為仇恨犯罪或仇恨事件。您可以通過聯繫負責您案件的警方進行確認。
3. Investigation
Having ensured that the case is dealt with by the correct authority, the officer should conduct an initial investigation.
This could involve:
- Talking to witnesses
- Assessing the scene of the crime
- Reviewing CCTV or video footage
- Gathering other evidence such as forensic samples
- Searching intelligence database
The length of investigation should vary depending on the availability of evidence and complexity of the hate crime or incident. The officer in charge of the case should aim to provide regular updates to the victim.
At the end of initial investigation, the police should review all of the information gathered and make an initial decision on whether to investigate the victim’s report further. They may proceed to：
- Make an arrest
- Close the case, or
- Choose to refer the case for further investigation
The police will base their decision on four key factors:
- Vulnerability of the victim
- Severity of the offence
- Likelihood it can be solved (i.e. whether or not there is an identified suspect)
- The most effective use of resource
3. 案件调查
在確保案件由正確的偵辦機構接手後，一名警方會對案件進行初步調查.
這可能包括：
- 詢問目擊者
- 對案件發生地進行查看
- 查閱監控攝像或其它影像
- 收集其它證據，比如生物樣本
- 在智能數據庫中進行檢索
偵辦時常會根據案件複雜程度和收集到的證據有所變化。負責偵辦的警官應當確保受害人定期收到案件進展的通知。
初步調查結束以後，警方會審閱所有已收集到的信息並決定是否對案件進行更進一步的調查。警方在這個階段可能選擇包括：
- 逮捕嫌疑犯
- 結案
- 進一步調查
警方在下判斷時會考慮以下四個因素：
- 受害人的脆弱程度
- 違法行為的嚴重程度
- 解決案件的可能性（比如. 是否有鎖定的嫌疑人）
- 警力資源的有效使用
4. Making a decision
If the police decides to move forward with an arrest, they should bring in the suspect for questioning before deciding whether to charge the person.
After being held for questioning the police may decide to:
4. 嫌疑人被逮捕後會發生什麼？
如果警方對嫌疑人進行了逮捕， 他們會將嫌疑人帶回警局並對其進行問訊，並根據問訊結果決定是否符指控該嫌疑人。
在對嫌疑人進行問訊後，警方可以：
a) Release the person without charge
- If the police could not find sufficient evidence to charge the suspect after questioning and any follow-up investigation, they may release the suspect without charge.
- If you are unsatisfied with the police’s conclusion and/or how they have handled the case, you can file a complaint against the police. Please refer to the section titled “How to make a complaint” in this handbook for more information.
a）釋放嫌疑人
-
如果警方在調查以及問訊之後未能得到有力的證據以指控嫌疑人，在考慮完上述的四個因素（受害人的脆弱程度、違法行為的嚴重程度、解決案件的可能性、警力資源的有效使用）後，警方可能釋放嫌疑人。
-
如果您對警方的結論以及處理案件的方式有不滿，您可以進行投訴。關於如何投訴，請參考本手冊中關於“如何投訴警方”的介紹。
b) Give them a caution, conditional caution or fixed penalty 1
What is a caution?
- A caution is not a criminal conviction, but it could be used as evidence of bad character (which would weaken their case) if the suspect goes to court for another crime.
- Cautions are given to anyone aged 10 or over for minor crimes. The suspect will have to admit an offence and agree to be cautioned. The suspect can be arrested and charged if he/she doesn’t agree.
What is a conditional caution?
- Police may attach conditions on the caution. This means the person will have to stick to certain rules and restrictions as part of a conditional caution, such as fixing damage to a property.
- The person will be charged with a crime if they don’t stick to the conditions.
What is a fixed penalty?
- Penalty notices for disorder are given for offences like being drunk and disorderly in public.
- A person can be given a penalty notice if they are 18 or over.
- The person will be asked to sign the penalty notice ticket. They won’t get a criminal conviction if they pay the penalty.
b）給嫌疑人警告、附條件警告、定額罰款通知1
什麼是警告？
- 警告不是一項刑事罪名，但是會被紀錄在嫌疑人的檔案上，如果嫌疑人之後因被罪名被起訴而出庭，警告就可做為負面人格證據被法庭納入考量。
- 警告適用於任何10歲以上的罪行較輕的人。在給出警告之前，警方必須掌握足夠指控該嫌疑人的證據。嫌疑人必須承認犯罪並且同意被警告。如果嫌疑人不同意被警告，警方可以將其逮捕並指控。
什麼是附條件警告？
- 警察可在警告之上附加特定條件。這表示，被警告人需要遵守特定的條件、規則或限制，比如對遭損壞的財產進行修理。
- 如果被警告人不遵守警告的條件，那麼警方可對此人進行刑事指控。
什麼是定額罰款通知?
- 定額罰款主要針對妨礙治安的行為，如酒後在公共場合鬧事。
- 警方可向任何18歲以上的成年人發送的哥罰款通知。
- 警方會要求被通知人在定額罰款通知上簽名。如果被通知人按要求償付了被罰款項，警方將不會對其提出刑事指控。
c) Place them on police bail
- Bail is the temporary release of a person who is a suspect in an investigation into a crime (police bail), on the condition that they return to the police station at a later date.
- Bail can sometimes be granted on condition that a sum of money is presented to guarantee the person coming to court.
- The suspect will NOT be granted bail if they:
- Are charged with a serious offence, such as attempted murder
- Have been previously convicted of a serious crime
- Have been given bail in the past and not stuck to the terms
- Officers may think that person will not turn up for your court hearing
- Officers may think the person may commit a crime while on bail
c）允許嫌疑人保釋
- 警方保釋是指警方暫時將案件中的嫌疑人進行釋放。释放的条件是嫌疑人需在指定日期要回到警局。
- 有些情况下，警方也可要求嫌疑人缴纳保释金以确保嫌疑人会出席庭审。
- 在下列情况中，警方不会允许保释：
- 嫌疑人被被指控犯下严重罪行，比如谋杀未遂
- 嫌疑人曾经被指控犯下严重罪行
- 嫌疑人此前曾经被保释但是没有遵循保释条件
- 警方认为嫌疑人有可能潛逃
- 警方认为嫌疑人在保释期间有再次犯罪的可能性
d) Police custody
- The police may decide not to grant bail meaning they have to remain in police custody for a short period of time whilst the police decide whether or not to bring charges.
- How long can the police hold the suspect in custody?2
- The person arrested can be held for up to 24 hours before they have to charge with a crime or release the individual.
- The police can apply to hold the person for up to 36 or 96 hours if they are suspected of a serious crime.
- Individuals can be held without charge for up to 14 days, if they are arrested under the Terrorism Act.
d）拘留嫌疑人
- 如果警方不允许保释，那麼警方就會暫時將嫌疑人拘留在警局內，警方會在嫌疑人拘留期間決定是否指控嫌疑人。
- 警方正式決定指控前，嫌疑犯可被拘留多久？2
- 根據法律規定，警方需要在嫌疑人被逮捕之後的24小時內決定是否指控嫌疑人。
- 如果罪行嚴重，警方可以申請將24小時的期限延長至36或96個小時。
- 如果警方是根據《恐怖主義法案》為根據而進行逮捕，那麼警方在決定指控之前最多可將嫌疑人拘留14天。
e) Charge the person
- The case will be handed over to the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS), who will decide whether to prosecute and take the case to court.
- If the case goes to court, the victim should be contacted before the trial by the Witness Care Unit. They will be the victim’s single point of contact from then on, and should inform and support the victim at court.
- Because of the serious nature of hate crime offences, the CPS can apply to the courts for a ‘sentence uplift’, which is an increased punishment for the crime. For more details, please refer to the CPS information on hate crime.
e）指控嫌疑人
如果警方決定指控嫌疑人，該案就會被轉交給檢查部門 (Crown Prosecution Service)，由他們來起訴嫌疑人。
由於仇恨犯罪性質嚴重，檢查部門可以在起訴過程中申請增加刑期。更多信息請參考檢查部門有關仇恨犯罪的資訊。
5. Post-Decision
If the case goes to court, the victim should be contacted before the trial by the Witness Care Unit. They will be the victim’s single point of contact from then on, and should inform and support the victim at court.
Some witnesses who feel intimidated or vulnerable, because they are young or disabled for example, and may need help giving evidence. In these cases, witnesses may be entitled to ‘special measures’. This could involve placing a screen between the witness box and the defendant or giving evidence with the help of a specialist.
For more details on your rights as a witness and the trial process, please refer to the Victim Support ‘Witness Rights’ page.
For more details on how to help the victim better cope with the incident, please refer to the Victim Support help and support page.
5. 最終決定后
如果案件成功起訴，證人幫助單位（Witness Care Unit）會聯絡受害人。在此之後這一單位會稱為受害人的主要聯絡點。證人幫助單位會負責給受害人提供關於出庭的相關資訊和協助。
有些年輕或是身有殘疾的證人有可能會感到害怕或脆弱。此類證人在提供證據時可能會需要幫助。在這種情況下，證人有權要求特殊幫助。這包括在出庭提供證據時要求法院在證人席和被告之間用擋板隔開，或是要求在專業人員的幫助下提供證據等。