Rights after reporting
您的權利

20 minutes to read

When you report a crime

The police must provide the person who has reported the crime and/or the victim with:

• Written confirmation of the crime reported
• A crime reference number
• Contact details for the police officer dealing with the case

They must also provide the following information:

• What will happen next
• How often they’ll provide an update on their investigation

They must also:

• Take a witness statement
• Carry out a needs assessment to find out what support the victim should get
• Ask a victim support organisation to contact the victim within 2 days
• Ask if the victim wants to write a statement about how the crime has affected him/her. This is called a ‘victim personal statement’. It can be used later when the court is deciding on a punishment.

報案時

報案時，警方必須向受害者提供：

• 受理案件的書面確認函
• 案件編碼
• 負責案件的警官的聯絡信息 (以上信息建議集中紀錄，以便日後查詢。)

警方同時需要提供以下信息：

• 下一步會發生什麼
• 警方將何時向受害人通報一次案件進度

警方同時必須：

• 幫助受害人記錄口供
• 對受害人進行需求評估以確認受害者需要得到的協助
• 通知一個受害人協助組織在2日內聯絡受害者
• 詢問受害人是否想要提供受害人自述。 法庭在針對該案量刑時可能將受害人自述納入考量

During the police investigation

The police must update the victim on the progress of their investigation, and tell the victim within 5 days when a suspect is:

• Arrested or charged
• Set free or released on bail
• Given a police penalty

When the police have finished their investigation, they can pass the information to the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) who then decide if there’s enough evidence to take the case to court.

If the police or the CPS decide to drop the charge, they must notify the victim within 5 days. You can ask for a review if you disagree with their decision.

偵辦過程中

警方必須向受害人定期匯報案件偵辦進度。警方必須在以下情況發生之後的5日內通知受害人：

• 嫌疑人被逮捕或指控
• 嫌疑人被釋放或保釋
• 嫌疑人被警方給予任何處罰

警方結束調查之後，如果認為調查結果達到起訴標準，會將所收集的信息和證據移送給檢察部門（CPS）。檢察部門會進一步判斷判斷證據是否達到起訴標準。

如果警方或檢察部門決定放棄指控，則需要在5日內告知受害人這一結果。如果受害人不同意警方或檢察部門的結論，可以要求重新評估此決定。

Protecting the victim

If the victim is harassed or threatened in any way during an investigation or a trial, you should contact the police immediately or advise them to do so.

What can the police do?​

• It is a criminal offence to intimidate anyone helping the police in an investigation.
• If the offender has been caught, remanded in custody, released on bail or convicted, the criminal court can make a restraining order to stop them coming near, threatening or intimidating the victim again.

保護受害人

如果受害人在案件偵辦過程中或是法院審理期間以任何形式受到了騷擾或威脅，您應該立即報警（或是建議受害者立即報警）。

警察可以做什麼？

• 對協助案件偵辦的人進行恐嚇是一項違法行為
• 如果違法者已被抓捕、拘留、釋放、保釋或定罪，那麼刑事法庭可以針對此人下達限制令以限制此人不得靠近、威脅及恐嚇受害人。

Secondary victimisation

Secondary victimisation refers to victimisation that occurs not as a direct result of the criminal act but through the response of institutions and individuals to the victim.¹

This can involve indifference, rejection, or additional criminal charges levied by the police against the victim （e.g. the police brings charges against the victim for causing physical harm to the perpetrator when engaging in self-defence）.

There is currently no explicit guidance in place to address potential issues of secondary victimisation when dealing with hate crimes or incidents.

If you suspect that you or any victim has been subject to secondary victimisation related to a hate crime or incident, please contact CASVIC (the Campaign against Secondary Victimisation) at casvic.org@gmail.com.

二度傷害

二度傷害指的是受害人在案件發生之後再度遭受的傷害。此處的傷害並不是由案件所直接導致的，而是指機構的不當回應或其他人對案件/受害人的反應對受害人進一步造成的傷害。¹

這種傷害的形式可能是精神上的也可能是身體上的。

二度傷害可包括：漠視、質疑、或是由警方對受害人所提出的刑事指控（比如受害人在自我防衛而對加害者造成了傷害、而警方對此類自我防衛行為提出刑事指控的情況）。

目前政府機構並沒有提出應對處理仇恨犯罪/案件中可能產生的二度傷害的具體方案。

如果您認為您或是任何受害者可能遭受了任何有關仇恨犯罪的二度傷害，請通過郵箱聯絡 CASVIC（反二度傷害組織）： casvic.org@gmail.com

Self-defense

A victim can engage in self-defense by use of force, but only as a defence of crimes committed against the victim, and only by use of a reasonable amount of force given the circumstances.²

If self-defense has taken place in response to a hate crime, please make sure to explicitly flag this to the police when reporting the crime to avoid further secondary victimisation of the victim during the investigation process. Check that you have received a crime reference number (CRN) for hate crime from the police.

自我防卫

在很多情況下，受害人可能會被迫用武力進行自我防衛，以應對所遭受的犯罪行為。²

如果受害人在面對仇恨犯罪行為的情況下進行了自我防衛，請在舉報的時候向警方說明情況，以避免警方對受害人提出刑事指控，造成二度傷害。請確認你從警方收到了您的案件查詢編碼 (Crime Reference Number)。

How to make a complaint

If you are unsatisfied with the process or the outcome of the police investigation into your case, you may raise a complaint with the police.

You should advise the victim to:

• Raise their complaint as soon as possible
• Raise their complaint directly with the police force dealing with their case

Victims may file a complaint with the police through the following methods:

如何投訴警方

如果受害人對案件偵辦的過程或結果有任何不滿，可以向該警隊進行投訴。

您應當建議受害人：

• 儘早提出
• 直接向受理案件的警隊進行投訴

受害人可以通過以下方式對警方進行投訴：

1. Go to the police station and speak to someone

• You can go to the police station that handled your case and ask to launch a police complaint.

1) 直接前往警察局投訴

• 您可前往處理您案件的警察局直接要求投訴。

2. Fill an online complaint form on the website of the police force.

• If the police force you are complaining about has an online complaint form, you can report it directly on their website.
• You can locate the website of the police force that handled your case via Police UK’s website.

2) 在想要投訴的警隊官網上填寫投訴表格

• 請前往處理您案件的警察局官網。大部分警察局官網會提供線上投訴表格。您可以在英國警察官網上查詢各個地區警察局的官方網址。

3. Contact a solicitor

• You can contact a solicitor to launch the complaint on your behalf and deal with any subsequent matters.
• Check your local Citizens Advice Bureau or local community law centre for more information and to help find solicitors that specialise in crime or hate crime.

3) 聯絡一名律師

• 您可委託律師處理投訴以及後續事宜。
• 您可以通過當地的Citizens Advice Bureau 或社區法律中心獲取更多相關信息以及幫助聯絡擅長處理仇恨犯罪或其他犯罪的律師。

4. Contact a Member of UK Parliament in your local area.

• You can find out who your MP is
  • on the UK Parliament website.
  • or call 020 7219 4272

4） 聯絡受害人所居地區的議員

• 您可以通過以下方式查詢您居住地區的議員。
  • 在眾議院的官網上進行查詢。
  • 撥打電話詢問：020 7219 4272

5. Fill in the Independent Office for Police Conduct’s (IOPC) online complaint form.

• The IOPC will not read the complaint form. They will send it straight to the police force your complaint is about.
• They will not send your complaint to the police if there are serious risks - for example, if you think you or someone else may be at risk if they do. If this is the case. Make the IOPC aware of the concern. You can:
  • Call IOPC: 0300 020 0096
  • Email IOPC: enquiries@policeconduct.gov.uk
• The number of days for the typical response will vary by geography, availability as well as the nature of the case.

5） 前往獨立警察紀律監察辦事處（IOPC）官網填寫線上投訴表格。

• IOPC不會閱讀收到的投訴表格，該表格會被直接發往你想投訴的警隊。
• 如果發送表格會給投訴人帶來危險 - 比如說，如果投訴人認為自己或其他人會因為提交投訴而受到傷害，IOPC將不會直接把表格發給相關警隊。請直接聯絡IOPC并說明任何顧慮：
  • IOPC電話：0300 020 0096
  • IOPC郵箱地址：enquiries@policeconduct.gov.uk
• 警隊的回复時間長短會取決於地區，警方資源和案件性質。

Who will deal with the complaint?

• The police force your complaint is about will deal with it, unless your complaint involves a chief constable. Then the Police and Crime Commissioner for that police force will deal with it.
• Each police force has a Police and Crime Commissioner. They are in charge of making sure that everyone in the police force does their job properly.
• If something very serious has happened the IOPC will usually need to look into it. For example, if someone has died after having contact with the police.

誰會負責處理投訴？

您所投訴的警隊將會受理投訴，除非您的投訴涉及一位警察局長（Chief Constable)。此類情況下，您的投訴將會由負責該警局的警察與犯罪事務專員（Police and Crime Commissioner）處理。

每個警隊都配有一名警察與犯罪事務專員。他們的職責是確保所有警隊成員妥善完成工作。

當有嚴重的事件發生時，IOPC會介入調查。比如說，有人在接觸警方之後身亡。

What are the rights you have after you file a police complaint?

• The people dealing with your complaint must tell you how it will be dealt with and what is going to happen next.

投訴人的權利

在完成投訴以後，受理人必須告訴您他們會如何處理您的投訴以及下一步會發生什麼。

What happens after you make a complaint?

• Your complaint will be recorded by the people the complaint is about. The IOPC cannot record your complaint but you can appeal to the IOPC if your complaint is not recorded.

1. Council of Europe (CoE), Recommendation Rec(2006)8 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on assistance to crime victims(2006) ↩

2. CPS, ‘Self-Defence and the Prevention of Crime’ (last updated on 30 September 2019) ↩

投訴之後會發生什麼

您投訴內容所涉的警隊會對您的投訴進行紀錄和處理。 IOPC無法紀錄您的投訴。如果該警隊沒有紀錄您的投訴，您可以向IOPC進行申訴。

1. Council of Europe (CoE), Recommendation Rec(2006)8 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on assistance to crime victims(2006) ↩

2. CPS, ‘Self-Defence and the Prevention of Crime’ (last updated on 30 September 2019) ↩

PREVIOUSWhat can you expect to happen after reporting?
舉報之後會發生什麼？